What is total cost of ownership? For example, the visible part of an iceberg represents the purchase price or purchase cost of the model, while the "huge ice" below the water surface represents the hidden cost. The total cost of ownership is the sum of the two parts. The purchase price plus the extra costs of each step in the supply chain, such as transportation and logistics, inventory, operation, maintenance and parts scrapping.

降低企業(yè)定制加工成本的三個關鍵：質量，一致性，速度。根據(jù)制造業(yè)擴展合作伙伴關系，公司經(jīng)常低估成本，調(diào)查顯示，僅使用購買，不考慮總體擁有成本，可以低估隱性成本20％，推動這一趨勢的一個因素是供應鏈成本可能高于大多數(shù)公司的想象。總擁有成本提供了對可見和隱藏成本的更全 面的衡量。

There are three keys to reduce the cost of customized processing: quality, consistency and speed. According to the expansion of partnership in manufacturing industry, companies often underestimate the cost. The survey shows that the hidden cost can be underestimated by 20% only by using the purchase price without considering the total cost of ownership. One factor driving this trend is that the cost of supply chain may be higher than most companies think. Total cost of ownership provides a more comprehensive measure of visible and hidden costs.
            

越來越多的公司開始以關注質量，一致性和準時性能而不僅僅是購買，隨著經(jīng)濟收緊，以及近日隨著財務在購買決策和產(chǎn)品開發(fā)中獲得更多影響。由于公司決定在哪里采購或制造零件，因此總體擁有成本也得到了更多的考慮。

More and more companies begin to focus on quality, consistency and punctuality rather than just purchase price. As the economy tightens and recently finance gains more influence in purchase decision-making and product development. As companies decide where to purchase or manufacture parts, total cost of ownership is also given more consideration.

為了有效幫助公司了解采購決策的成本，從勞動力成本到產(chǎn)品質量再到政治和風險，這些額外成本可能包括產(chǎn)品跨越邊界的庫存協(xié)調(diào)，運輸，關稅或關稅，供應商在產(chǎn)品質量方面的可靠性問題，以及滿足準時交貨報價的能力。供應商擴大生產(chǎn)的能力以及與供應商的長期關系。很難完全降低采購產(chǎn)品的每一個要素，但其想法是采用比傳統(tǒng)方法更多的措施，更重要的是，你正試圖進一步擴展它，并在這些決策中納入更多措施。

In order to effectively help companies understand the costs of purchasing decisions, from labor costs to product quality to political and security risks, these additional costs may include inventory coordination of products across international borders, transportation, tariffs or duties, reliability of suppliers in terms of product quality, and the ability to meet on-time delivery quotations. Supplier's ability to expand production and long-term relationship with suppliers. It's hard to completely reduce every element of the purchased product, but the idea is to take more measures than traditional methods, and more importantly, you're trying to further expand it and incorporate more measures into these decisions.